The KJIR follows international standards for peer-reviewed journals in interventional radiology (IR), in line with guidelines used by major IR journals and recommendations by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Statement of Human and Animal Rights and Informed consent

Human and Animal Rights

All studies involving human subjects must comply with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and must be approved by an appropriate institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee. Authors must provide a statement within the manuscript confirming IRB approval and adherence to ethical guidelines.

For studies involving animals, authors must confirm compliance with institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Experiments should follow the ARRIVE
(Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines and be approved by the appropriate animal ethics committee.

Informed Consent

For studies involving human participants, authors must ensure that informed consent was obtained from all subjects (or their legal guardians) before participation. Any information that could identify individual patients (such as images, medical records, or personal data) must be anonymized or accompanied by explicit written consent for publication.

If informed consent was not required for the study, a clear statement explaining the exemption should be included in the manuscript.

Statement on Informed Consent for Case Reports

For case reports, informed consent may be waived if the study is retrospective and does not include identifiable personal information. Authors must ensure that patient confidentiality is strictly maintained. If identifiable patient details (such as images or medical history that could lead to identification) are included, authors must obtain explicit written informed consent from the patient or their legal guardian before submission.

The authors should state in the manuscript whether informed consent was obtained or if an IRB waiver was granted.

Informed consent is an ethical requirement for case reports involving identifiable patient information. However, in certain circumstances, a waiver of informed consent may be acceptable. Authors may request a waiver if the following conditions are met:

• 1. The information presented in the case report is fully anonymized, ensuring that neither the patient’s identity nor any identifying details can be inferred.
• 2. The study or case report has received approval or exemption from the relevant institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee, specifically indicating that informed consent is not necessary.
• 3. The studies include images such as x rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, pathology slides

Authors seeking a waiver must provide documentation of IRB or ethics committee approval, where applicable, and ensure compliance with ethical publishing standards as outlined by the journal.

Authorship and Author’s Responsibility

Authorship Criteria

Authorship should be based on the guidelines set forth by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). To qualify as an author, individuals must meet all of the following four criteria:

• 1. Substantial contributions to the conception, design, data acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of the work.
• 2. Drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
• 3. Final approval of the version to be published.
• 4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that any questions related to its accuracy or integrity are appropriately addressed.

Contributors who do not meet all four criteria should be acknowledged in the manuscript’s acknowledgment section rather than being listed as authors.

Corresponding Author’s Responsibilities

The corresponding author is responsible for:

• • Ensuring that all listed authors meet the authorship criteria.
• • Managing all communication with the journal during submission, peer review, and publication.
• • Handling responses to reviewers and providing any additional data or clarification as requested.
• • Confirming that all authors have approved the final version of the manuscript.

Changes to Authorship

Any changes to authorship (addition, removal, or order change) after initial submission require approval from all authors. A written request explaining the reason for the change must be submitted to the editorial office, signed by all authors (including those being added or removed). The journal reserves the right to request supporting documentation or deny authorship changes if necessary.

Author Contributions and Conflicts of Interest

All authors must disclose their specific contributions to the work in a designated Author Contributions section. Additionally, any potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, must be declared according to the journal’s conflict of interest policy.

Ethical Responsibility

Authors must ensure that their work is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under consideration for publication in another journal. Any form of plagiarism, data fabrication, or image manipulation is strictly prohibited. If ethical concerns arise, the journal may investigate and take necessary actions, including retraction.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

Definition of Conflict of Interest

A conflict of interest (COI) exists when an author, reviewer, or editor has financial, personal, or professional relationships that could inappropriately influence (or appear to influence) the content or integrity of the submitted manuscript. COI may arise from financial interests, consulting roles, institutional affiliations, or personal relationships that could be perceived as influencing the work.

Authors' Responsibilities

All authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could affect the interpretation of the manuscript. Examples of COI include, but are not limited to:

• • Financial relationships (e.g., employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership, grants, or patents).
• • Personal relationships or competing academic or professional interests.
• • Funding sources that may have influenced the study design, data analysis, or conclusions.

A COI statement must be included in the manuscript, either declaring the absence of conflicts or specifying any relevant conflicts.

Conflict of Interest Statement Format

At the time of submission, all authors must provide a statement in the manuscript under the Conflict-of-Interest section in full title page. Example statements:

• • If there are no conflicts of interest:
  The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this study.
• • If there are potential conflicts of interest:
  Author A has received research grants from [Company Name]. Author B serves as a consultant for [Company Name]. Author C holds stock in [Company Name]. These relationships had no influence on the study design, data interpretation, or manuscript preparation.

Reviewers' and Editors' Responsibilities

Reviewers and editors must disclose any conflicts of interest that could affect their impartial evaluation of a manuscript. If a reviewer has a COI, they should decline the review assignment. Editors should recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where a potential COI exists.

Consequences of Non-Disclosure

Failure to disclose relevant conflicts of interest may result in manuscript rejection or retraction if discovered post-publication. The journal follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines for handling COI-related ethical concerns.

Authorship and Author’s Responsibility

Data Sharing Policy and Responsibility

Commitment to Data Transparency

The journal encourages authors to share research data to promote transparency, reproducibility, and further scientific discovery. Authors submitting original research must adhere to data sharing principles and provide clear information regarding data availability.

Data Availability Statement

All submitted manuscripts must include a Data Availability Statement that specifies:

• • Whether the data supporting the findings of the study are available.
• • Where and how the data can be accessed (e.g., public repositories, institutional databases, or upon reasonable request).
• • Any restrictions on data sharing due to ethical, legal, or privacy concerns.

Copyrights

All articles published in the Korean Journal of Interventional Radiology are under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Manuscript Formatting Requirements

• • File Format: Manuscripts must be submitted as a Microsoft Word document (DOC or DOCX).
• • Page Layout: Use A4 size paper (21.0 cm × 29.7 cm) with at least 3 cm margins on all sides.
• • Font and Spacing: Use a clear, standard font (e.g., Times New Roman) at 12-point size, and set line spacing to double-spaced throughout the document.
• • Page Numbering: Number all pages consecutively, starting with the title page.
• • Language Policy: Manuscripts must be written in English using clear, concise, and professional language. Authors should ensure proper grammar, spelling, and scientific terminology. The use of acronyms and abbreviations should be minimized. All acronyms and abbreviations must be fully spelled out at their first appearance in the text, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses (e.g., computed tomography (CT)). Thereafter, the abbreviation may be used consistently. Radiation measurements and laboratory values should conform to the International System of Units (SI) to maintain consistency and standardization. Authors are encouraged to have their manuscripts professionally edited for language clarity before submission, if necessary.
• • The names and locations (city and state/province or country) of the manufacturers of equipment and generic names should be given.
• • KJIR encourages authors to consult the reporting guidelines relevant to their specific research design; examples include CONSORT for randomized trials, STROBE for observational studies, PRISMA for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, CARE for case reports, and STARD for studies of diagnostic accuracy.
• • Refer to the most recent articles published in KJIR for style.