<b>Purpose</b><br/>This study aims to investigate the clinical outcomes and safety of a standardized two-session catheter-directed ethanol sclerotherapy protocol for peritoneal inclusion cysts. <br/><b>Materials and Methods</b><br/>Between November 2020 and July 2025, six women (median age, 32.5 years) with symptomatic peritoneal inclusion cysts underwent ethanol sclerotherapy. After complete drainage using an 8.5-Fr or 10.2-Fr pigtail catheter, two sessions of sclerotherapy were performed on consecutive days. In each session, 99.5% ethanol (50% of the aspirated volume, up to 150 mL) was instilled and retained for 20 minutes. Follow-up ultrasound was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months. Technical success was defined as successful completion of both sessions with a 20-minute ethanol retention time, and clinical success was defined as symptom improvement with a >50% decrease in cyst diameter at 3 months. <br/><b>Results</b><br/>Technical success was achieved in all cases (6/6, 100%). The median maximum cyst diameter significantly decreased from 14.0 cm (range, 6.0 to 20.0 cm) to 5.25 cm (range, 2.0 to 8.0 cm) at the follow-up within 1 month (p = 0.03). Clinical success was achieved in all cases at 3 months (6/6, 100%). No residual cysts were visualized on follow-up ultrasound at 6 months in all patients (6/6, 100%). Anti-Müllerian hormone levels measured in four patients showed heterogeneous changes, precluding definitive conclusions regarding the impact on ovarian reserve. No major complications occurred. <br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>Two-session catheter-directed ethanol sclerotherapy appears to be a safe and effective minimally invasive alternative to surgery for peritoneal inclusion cysts, providing a high rate of complete resolution.

Acute SVC syndrome caused by extensive thrombosis requires prompt endovascular intervention. We report a 48-year-old female with colon cancer presenting with massive chemoport-related thrombosis involving the SVC, right atrium (RA), and bilateral brachiocephalic veins. Due to the lack of an embolic protection filter landing zone, we performed a novel plug-assisted thrombectomy (PAT) technique. A 20-mm vascular plug was positioned at the SVC-RA junction as a temporary tethered filter without detachment. Following mechanical thrombectomy, plug retrieval, and adjunctive balloon dilatation, the patient recovered and was discharged on day 12. This case demonstrates the technical feasibility of PAT as a proof-of-concept approach for embolic protection in patients with extensive SVC thrombosis where conventional filter placement is anatomically precluded.

Hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction remains a major cause of morbidity and repeated interventions. Stenosis related to neointimal hyperplasia and altered hemodynamics leads to access flow limitation and thrombosis, particularly in AVFs. While percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is the standard first-line treatment, durability is often limited, resulting in frequent reinterventions. Drug-coated balloons, most commonly paclitaxel-based, have been introduced to inhibit restenosis and have demonstrated improved target lesion patency compared with conventional balloon angioplasty in several randomized trials, though outcomes vary by lesion location and study design. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence for drug-coated balloon angioplasty in dysfunctional arteriovenous access, discusses key trial endpoints, reviews safety and practical considerations, and highlights ongoing controversies and future directions.

We report a 54‑year‑old woman with chronic pancreatitis, duodenal obstruction, massive ascites, and refractory thrombocytopenia who developed septic obstructive cholangitis after occlusion of a plastic common bile duct (CBD) stent. Endoscopic exchange failed and PTBD was prohibitively risky. Transjugular intrahepatic biliary stenting (TIBS) provides an alternative route that avoids transperitoneal hepatic capsule puncture. Via right internal jugular access, the right hepatic vein was catheterized, a posterior sectoral bile duct punctured, and a guidewire crossed the distal CBD stricture. A 12 × 80 mm self‑expandable metallic stent was deployed and the transhepatic tract embolized with coils. The patient experienced rapid clinical and biochemical recovery (bilirubin, 13.3 to 1.37 mg/dL) over 9 days postprocedure without any hemorrhagic complications. TIBS is a decisive, life‑saving alternative when standard routes are not possible.

<b>Purpose</b><br/>Tumor location influences the effectiveness and safety of RFA. This study evaluated RFA outcomes as first-line therapy for HCC <3 cm, focusing on tumor location impact. <br/><b>Materials and Methods</b><br/>In this retrospective cohort study, 281 patients with newly diagnosed HCC <3 cm in up to three lesions treated with RFA between 2003 and 2019 were analyzed. The tumor location was categorized as superficial (outer third), mid-portion (middle third), or deep (near vena cava), using an imaginary line from the liver surface to the vena cava. Perivascular tumors were defined as those abutting portal or hepatic veins. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) among location groups was compared with risk factors analyzed via Cox regression. <br/><b>Results</b><br/>Patients (mean age, 61.1 ± 11.1 years) were predominantly male (73.3%), hepatitis B virus surface antigen–positive (66.2%), and of Child-Pugh class A (97.5%). Deep tumors had shorter RFS than superficial/mid-portion tumors (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.93; p = 0.005), as did perivascular versus non-perivascular tumors (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.00; p = 0.008). Group C (deep + perivascular, n = 10) had shorter RFS than group A (no risk factors: HR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.50 to 6.45; p = 0.002) and group B (one risk factor: HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.40; p = 0.028). Multivariable analysis identified tumor depth, perivascular location, size >2 cm, creatinine, and prothrombin time as independent predictors of shorter RFS. <br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>Tumor depth and proximity to vasculature independently predict RFS in small HCCs treated with RFA, highlighting the role of tumor location in determining patient prognosis.