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CASE 26 막성하대정맥폐쇄에 의한 Budd -Chiari syndrome 환자에서 식도정맥류 출혈 치료 위한 TIPS시행 TIPS for treatment of esophageal varix bleeding in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by membranous obstruction of the IVC

배재익 , 박오환
Korean J Interv Radiol 2007;14(1):26.
Published online: December 31, 2007
인제대학교 의과대학 부산백병원 영상의학과
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중심단어
B u d d - C h i a r i s y n d r ome . Es o ph a g u s , v ar i c e s . Interventional procedures
증례
F/60
임상소견
하대정맥 (IVC) 간분절(hepatic segment)의 막성폐쇄(membranous obstruction) 에 의한 간경화를 진단 받았던 분으로서 hematemesis를 주소로 응급실로 내원하였다. 내원 당시 혈색소(Hb)는 7.3g/dL였고, 혈청총빌리루빈은 1.4mg/dL, AST 23 U/L, ALT 16 U/L였다. 상부소화기내시경 시행하여 식도 정맥류 출혈부위을 치료하여 일차적인 지혈 조치는 성공하였으나 이후 계속적인 재발성 hematemesis가 나타나는 상태였다
진단명
간경화로 진행된 만성 Budd-Chiari syndrome 환자의 식도정맥류 출혈
영상소견
CT상 간경화와 식도정맥류, 간분절 직상부에서의 하대정맥의 막성폐쇄와 폐쇄부 아래쪽 하대정맥 및 간정맥을 막고 있는 혈전이 보인다(Fig. 1). 상장간동맥을 통한 간접문맥조영상 우간문맥의 분지에서 바로 우간정맥으로 연결되어 들어간 조영제가 막힌 우간정맥내에 정체되어 있는 모습이 보인다(Fig .2A). 우총대퇴정맥을 통하여 카테터를 삽입하여 시행한 하대정맥조영에서 하대정맥 내의 거대 혈전과 발달된 곁정맥을 통한 부행혈류가 보인다(Fig. 2B, C).
Fig. 1. A
Fig. 1 (A) Axial CT scan at the hepatic vein level revealed hepatic surface nodularity, many dilated esophageal varices (white arrow), and thrombotic occlusion of the right hepatic vein (black arrow), (B) Patent intrahepatic portal vein is evident. Thombus in the IVC (arrow) is seen, (C) Oblique coronal reformed image shows a membranous obstruction (small arrows) of the suprahepatic IVC and a large thrombus (large arrows) beneath it occluding the hepatic vein.
Fig. 1. B
Fig. 1 (A) Axial CT scan at the hepatic vein level revealed hepatic surface nodularity, many dilated esophageal varices (white arrow), and thrombotic occlusion of the right hepatic vein (black arrow), (B) Patent intrahepatic portal vein is evident. Thombus in the IVC (arrow) is seen, (C) Oblique coronal reformed image shows a membranous obstruction (small arrows) of the suprahepatic IVC and a large thrombus (large arrows) beneath it occluding the hepatic vein.
Fig. 1. C
Fig. 1 (A) Axial CT scan at the hepatic vein level revealed hepatic surface nodularity, many dilated esophageal varices (white arrow), and thrombotic occlusion of the right hepatic vein (black arrow), (B) Patent intrahepatic portal vein is evident. Thombus in the IVC (arrow) is seen, (C) Oblique coronal reformed image shows a membranous obstruction (small arrows) of the suprahepatic IVC and a large thrombus (large arrows) beneath it occluding the hepatic vein.
Fig. 2. A
Fig. 2 (A) Indirect portography shows of patent portal vein, intrahepatic porto-venous shunt and staitionary flow in the occluded right hepatic vein, (B) Inferior vena cavography shows a large thrombus beneath the membranous obstruction of the IVC and many collaterals to the right atrium.
Fig. 2. B
Fig. 2 (A) Indirect portography shows of patent portal vein, intrahepatic porto-venous shunt and staitionary flow in the occluded right hepatic vein, (B) Inferior vena cavography shows a large thrombus beneath the membranous obstruction of the IVC and many collaterals to the right atrium.
Fig. 2. C
Fig. 2 (A) Indirect portography shows of patent portal vein, intrahepatic porto-venous shunt and staitionary flow in the occluded right hepatic vein, (B) Inferior vena cavography shows a large thrombus beneath the membranous obstruction of the IVC and many collaterals to the right atrium.
시술방법 및 재료
동맥성 상부위장관출혈 가능성을 배제하고 간접문맥조영을 위하여 우대퇴동맥으로 카테터를 삽입하여 상장간동맥 조영을 시행하였다. 동맥성 출혈은 배제할 수 있었고 이어서 그 카테터를 이용하여 우간동맥으로 미세도관을 삽입하여 이를 간문맥 천자를 위한 지표로 삼았다. 우내경정맥으로 하대정맥으로 접근한 뒤 막성폐쇄부를 지나서 폐쇄부 아래의 하대정맥에 TIPS sheath(Cook, Bloomington, USA)를 위치시켰다. 이 sheath를 통하여 하대정맥에서 우간문맥을 천자하고 카테터를 주문맥까지 삽입한 후 직접문맥조영에서는 심한 식도정맥류를 확인할 수 있었다 (Fig. 3A, B). 급성기 지혈치료를 위하여 먼저 식도정맥류로 향하는 좌위정맥을 코일로 색전하였다. 이후 하대정맥에서 간문맥까지의 천자경로를 10mm 직경의 풍선관으로 확장한 후 간문맥에서 하대정맥의 막성폐쇄부위까지 10mm직경 90mm길이의 자가팽창형 금속스텐트(Niti-S vascular stent, Taewoong, Korea)를 설치하였다. 또한 설치된 스텐트를 다시 10mm 직경의 풍선관으로 다시 팽창시켰다. 시술 후 시행한 직접문맥조영에서 식도정맥류는 보이지 않았고 shunt를 통한 혈류와 간내문맥혈류는 양호함을 확인하였다 (Fig. 3C.D).
Fig. 3. A
Fig. 3 Right main portal vein was punctured from the hepatic segment IVC using needle through a TIPS sheath inserted via the right internal jugular vein. A microcatheter (white arrow) in the right hepatic artery is seen, (B) Direct portogarphy revealed many dilated esophageal varices (C) Shunt between the IVC and portal vein using a metallic stent and a balloon catheter, (D) Portography after TIPS procedure shows good flow through the stent placed from the right portal vein to the suprahepatic IVC as well as good intrahepatic portal flow. The left gastric vein had been embolized using coils.
Fig. 3. B
Fig. 3 Right main portal vein was punctured from the hepatic segment IVC using needle through a TIPS sheath inserted via the right internal jugular vein. A microcatheter (white arrow) in the right hepatic artery is seen, (B) Direct portogarphy revealed many dilated esophageal varices (C) Shunt between the IVC and portal vein using a metallic stent and a balloon catheter, (D) Portography after TIPS procedure shows good flow through the stent placed from the right portal vein to the suprahepatic IVC as well as good intrahepatic portal flow. The left gastric vein had been embolized using coils.
Fig. 3. C
Fig. 3 Right main portal vein was punctured from the hepatic segment IVC using needle through a TIPS sheath inserted via the right internal jugular vein. A microcatheter (white arrow) in the right hepatic artery is seen, (B) Direct portogarphy revealed many dilated esophageal varices (C) Shunt between the IVC and portal vein using a metallic stent and a balloon catheter, (D) Portography after TIPS procedure shows good flow through the stent placed from the right portal vein to the suprahepatic IVC as well as good intrahepatic portal flow. The left gastric vein had been embolized using coils.
Fig. 3. D
Fig. 3 Right main portal vein was punctured from the hepatic segment IVC using needle through a TIPS sheath inserted via the right internal jugular vein. A microcatheter (white arrow) in the right hepatic artery is seen, (B) Direct portogarphy revealed many dilated esophageal varices (C) Shunt between the IVC and portal vein using a metallic stent and a balloon catheter, (D) Portography after TIPS procedure shows good flow through the stent placed from the right portal vein to the suprahepatic IVC as well as good intrahepatic portal flow. The left gastric vein had been embolized using coils.
고찰
Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS)의 조직학적 소견은 간정맥폐쇄 후의 시간경과에 따라서 centrilobular congestion에서부터 cirrhosis까지 다양하다. 간정맥 폐쇄 후 급성기에는 간정맥의 개통이 도움이 될 수 있으나 간실질의 경화가 이미 진행되어 문맥압 항진이 주문제인 경우에는 portosystemic shunt를 통한 문맥압조절이 BCS환자의 생존율을 증가시키고. 보다 근원적인 치료법인 간이식까지의 시간을 벌 수 있는 치료법으로 여겨지고 있다. Portosystemic shunt를 만드는 방법으로는 수술적 방법보다는 TIPS의 성적이 훨씬 우수하며. covered stent를 사용하는 것이 보다 더 shunt의 개통기간을 오래 유지할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 상기환자의 경우는 혈전을 동반한 하대정맥의 막성 폐쇄가 있으나 곁정맥을 통한 혈류가 매우 좋아서 하대정맥 폐쇄에 의한 증상은 거의 없었고 간경화에 동반된 문맥압항진이 주된 문제였으며 TIPS시행 후 식도정맥류 출혈 재발은 없었고 문맥압항진에 의한 증상도 개선되었다.
참고문헌
1. Blum U, Rossie M. Haag K. et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome: technical, hemodynamic, and clinical results of treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Radiology 1995:197:805-811 2. Olliff SP. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the management of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006:18:1151-1154. 3. Gandini R. Konda D. Simonetti G. Transjugular intrahepatic portsystemic shunt patency and clinical outcome in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome: covered versus uncovered stents. Radiology 2006: 241:298-305.

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CASE 26 막성하대정맥폐쇄에 의한 Budd -Chiari syndrome 환자에서 식도정맥류 출혈 치료 위한 TIPS시행 TIPS for treatment of esophageal varix bleeding in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by membranous obstruction of the IVC
Korean J Interv Radiol. 2007;14(1):26  Published online December 31, 2007
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CASE 26 막성하대정맥폐쇄에 의한 Budd -Chiari syndrome 환자에서 식도정맥류 출혈 치료 위한 TIPS시행 TIPS for treatment of esophageal varix bleeding in a patient with Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by membranous obstruction of the IVC
Korean J Interv Radiol. 2007;14(1):26  Published online December 31, 2007
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