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Original article

특집 5 Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

김동익
Korean J Interv Radiol 2001;8(1):s5.
Published online: December 31, 2001
성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 혈관외과
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1. 해부 및 증상
Pelvic venous system에 있어서 draining vein으로는 internal iliac vein, ovarian vein 그리고 hemorrhoidal vein이 있다. Internal iliac vein으로 유입되는 정맥으로는 parietal portion으로 superior and inferior gluteal vein, sacral and iliolumbar vein 그리고 obturator and hemorrhoidal vein이 있으며, visceral portion으로는 vesical vein, vaginal vein, uterine vein, internal pudendal vein 그리고 rectal plexus가 있다. Ovarian vein으로 유입되는 정맥으로는 parametrium, cervix, mesosalpinx 그리고 pampiniform plexus가 있다. 이들 정맥으로의 역류현상이 심해져서 정맥류가 발생되면 pelvic pain, dyspareunia, vulvar congestion 그리고 vulvar varices 등을 특징으로 하는 pelvic congestion syndrome이 유발되게 된다 (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Disfiguring varices of the vulva.
2. 이학적검사
정맥류가 발생된 부위에 따라 다음의 정맥부전을 고려해야 한다. 1) Territory of round ligament and obturator vein ; anterior aspect of pubis, clitoris, vulvar, labia majora 2) Territory of internal pudendal and gonadal vein ; inner thigh, posterior half of vulva and vagina 3) Territory of gluteal, internal, sciatic vein ; gluteal, posterior aspect of thigh
3. 진 단
Duplex scan을 이용하여 하지의 정맥 역류현상은 조사가 가능하지만 iliac vein 혹은 ovarian vein에 대한 검사는 어렵다. 따라서 대부분은 retrograde selective gonadal-internal iliac phlebography를 이용하여 정맥역류현상을 진단한다(Fig. 2). 일반적으로 ovarian vein에는 2-3개의 판막이 존재한다.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Retrograde gonadal vein catheterization. The catheter is in the left ovarian vein and the incompetent tributaries connecting with the vulvar varices are shown.
4. 치료
보존적인 약물 치료로는 nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug 혹은 phlebotonic drug, hydroergotamine, Troxer-utin 등이 사용된다. Sclerotherapy에 사용되는 약물로는 1% Sotradecol, 2% Variglobin, 0.5% Aethoxy-sklerol등이 사용된다. Embolization을 위해서는 steel coil (Fig. 3), detachable balloon등이 사용된다. 수술적 치료로는 vulvar varicosity에 대해서 local excision을 하거나 incompetent vein을 ligation 하기도 한다.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Retrograde gonadal vein catheterization after coil embolization. There is no reflux in the ovarian vein.
참고문헌
1. Yakes WF, Hass DK, Parker SH, Gibson MD, Hopper KD, Mulligan JS et al. Symptomatic vascular malforma-tions: Ethanol embolotherapy. Radiology 1989;170:1059-1066 2. Taylor HC Jr. Vascular congestion and hyperemia: the effect on function and structure in the female reproductive organs. Part I. Physiological basis and history of the concept. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1949;57:211-230 3. Taylor HC Jr. Vascular congestion and hyperemia: the effect on function in the female reproductive organs. Part II. Clinical aspects of the congestion-fibrosis syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1949;57:637-653 4. Taylor HC Jr. Vascular congestion and hyperemia: the effect on function in the female reproductive organs. Part III. Etiology and therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1949;57: 654-668 5. Taylor HC Jr. Pelvic pain based on a vascular autonomic nervous disorder. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1954;67:1177-1196 6. Hodgson TJ, Reed MW, Peck RJ, Hemingway AP. Case report: the ultrasound and Doppler appearances of pelvic varices. Clin Radiol 1991;44:208-209 7. Lepage PA, Villavicencio JL, Gomez ER, Sheridan MN, Rich NM. The valvular anatomy of the iliac venous system and its clinical implications. J Vasc Surg 1991;14: 687-683 8. Loffredo V. Aspects cliniques et examens complement-aires dans les etats congestifs pelviens. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1991;86(2bis):191-194 9 Marhic C. Efficacite clinique et rheologique de la troxerutine en gynecologie obstetrique. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1991;86:191-194 10. Marmasse J. Varices in pregnant women. Legs and vulva. Treatment. Phlebologie 1981;34:89-104